Mowachaht/Muchalaht First Nation (MMFN) is taking the Government of British Columbia to court in pursuit of self-governance and land stewardship of their unceded traditional territory.
Tyee Ha’wilth Mike Maquinna and Ha’wilth Jerry Jack announced on Thursday, Dec. 12 at the Hotel Grand Pacific in Victoria that they are a filing a title claim in the British Columbia Supreme Court. The First Nations seeks a declaration of Aboriginal title and monetary compensation for the infringement to their historical lands.
Located on the west coast of Vancouver Island around Nootka Sound and the town of Gold River, MMFN says the title claim aims to bring decision making and ecological stewardship back into the hands of MMFN following the devasting impact of Crown-authorized exploitation of their territory without consent or benefit. The size of the land claim is 430,000 hectares and their lawyers are Woodward & Co.
The Nuchatlaht First Nation, a smaller Nuu-chah-nulth nation covering the northern portion of Nootka Island right above Mowachaht/Muchalaht’s ancestral lands, is also pursuing Aboriginal title over its traditional territory through a court case.
“The Crown has acted as if it is the sole decision-making authority for our forests; however, MMFN has been exercising jurisdiction regarding forestry management in our territory since time immemorial. Through this Aboriginal title claim, MMFN aims to ensure a sustainable future for our community and for future generations,” said Chief Mike Maquinna.
“Our story is one of resilience, culture and commitment to the betterment of our land and our community,” Chief Maquinna continued. “We want to make sure through this process our members have a better life to look forward to and want to and know that their children will be safe in our territories and using our resources in our lands and waters.”
MMFN territory has a wealth of history – both for First Nations and Europeans. In March 1778, Captain James Cook was greeted by the Mowachaht when he first set foot on Yuquot, or “Friendly Cove” as it was dubbed. This encounter was the point of first contact between Europeans and Indigenous people of what is now the B.C. coast.
“We have been stewards of these lands since time immemorial — we all know we were here before Captain Cook," said Hereditary Chief Jerry Jack. “It’s time for the Province of British Columbia to uphold its commitment to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and return the decision-making power over our lands to us. It’s the right thing to do.”
MMFN say they have been working towards this case for many decades, compiling historical evidence to prove occupancy of their lands.
“We have culturally modified trees everywhere in our territory. Those are really important because it tells our history, it tells us that we lived there,” said Chief Jack. “If you go to museums all over the world, you will always find something from Mowachaht. I just recently came back from New York City because we have a Whaler’s Shrine that was stolen.”
MMFN territory is almost completely covered by Crown-issued and Crown-authorized tree farm licenses and Timber Supply Areas. The nation estimates that the forestry activity authorized by British Columbia has removed millions of cubic metres of timber from the territory since the 1990s – with the economic benefit retained by province and logging companies.
In recent years the First Nation has been working to gain more control over its territory, notably the Salmon Parks initiative, which protects a large portion of Mowachaht/Muchalaht Ḥahahuułi (traditional territory) from industrial logging. Salmon Parks have been recognised under Mowachaht/Muchalaht law, and in October 2023 the federal government pledged $15 million to help fund the project.
MMFN territory stretches from Buttle Lake in Strathcona Provincial Park out to the village of Tahsis and encompasses Nootka Island. Out of all the Nuu-chah-nulth territories, MMFN has the largest land mass. Chief Jack recalls seeing the devastation from forestry while he was working with the Canadian Coast Guard.
“I got to see our land from the air, right from one end to the other, and I couldn’t believe how much of our territory was gone. No more forests,” he shared.
MMFN chiefs did not disclose how much compensation they would be seeking, and any treaty negotiations are off the table.
“We dropped out of treaty a long time ago,” said Jack. “The Crown has given us reservations to live on and that’s owned by King Charles. We don’t even own it. That’s frustrating. The ordinary person owns that land, they own that house, and we don’t. That’s very hurtful for people that have been here since the beginning of time.”
MMFN say the title claim is directed solely at the Government of British Columbia and private landowners “have nothing to worry about”.
“We’re not interested in them. It’s the Crown, it’s province because they are the ones who wronged us. That’s why we are in a situation today that we shouldn’t be in,” said Chief Jack.
